FAKTOR PENYEBAB STRES KERJA PADA PEKERJA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35730/jk.v13i0.876Abstract
Stres kerja merupakan salah satu masalah terbesar dari berbagai negara dan jenis pekerjaan. Stres dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan misalnya seperti gangguan pencernaan, gangguan peredaran darah serta gangguan psikososial yang membuat turunnya produktivitas. Stres akibat pekerjaan adalah suatu respon yang ditunjukkan oleh pekerja ketika tuntuan dan tekanan kerja tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan yang mereka miliki, dan merupakan suatu tantangan bagi mereka untuk bisa mengatasinya. Tujuan dari kajian literatur ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor penyebab stres kerja pada pekerja dan mengkaji upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan di tempat kerja untuk meminimalkan kerugian akibat stres kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur. Hasil dari kajian literatur didapatkan bahwa tuntutan atau beban pekerjaan, kontrol terhadap pekerjaan, konflik peran (ambiguitas peran), dukungan sosial, hubungan interpersonal dan jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian stres kerja. Upaya pencegahan stres dilakukan melalui pencegahan primer (penyesuaian ergonomi, desain lingkungan kerja), pencegahan sekunder (program pendidikan dan pelatihan kepada pekerja), dan pencegahan tersier (pengembangan program manajemen stres).
References
Al Asy Ari, A. H., & Zulkifli. (2020). Faktor-Faktor Yang Menentukan Stres Kerja Karyawan pada PT. Hadji Kalla. JEMMA (Jurnal of Economic, Management, and Accounting), 3(September), 133–145.
Alyahya, S. A., Al-Mansour, K. A., Alkohaiz, M. A., & Almalki, M. A. (2021). Association between role conflict and ambiguity and stress among nurses in primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic A cross-sectional study. Medicine (United States), 100(37), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027294
Aronsson, G., Theorell, T., Grape, T., Hammarström, A., Hogstedt, C., Marteinsdottir, I., Skoog, I., Träskman-Bendz, L., & Hall, C. (2017). A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and burnout symptoms. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4153-7
Bardhan, R., Heaton, K., Davis, M., Chen, P., Dickinson, D. A., & Lungu, C. T. (2019). A cross sectional study evaluating psychosocial job stress and health risk in emergency department nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183243
Cie?lak, I., Kielan, A., Olejniczak, D., Panczyk, M., Jaworski, M., Ga??zkowski, R., P?kala, J. R., Iwanow, L., Zarzeka, A., Gotlib, J., & Mikos, M. (2020). Stress at work: The case of municipal police officers. Work, 65(1), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-193067
D’ettorre, G., Pellicani, V., & Vullo, A. (2019). Gender assessment of job stress in healthcare workers. Implications for practice. Medicina Del Lavoro, 110(1), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v110i1.7421
Ellison, J. M., & Caudill, J. W. (2020). Working on local time: Testing the job-demand-control-support model of stress with jail officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 70(August), 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101717
Faraji, A., Karimi, M., Azizi, S. M., Janatolmakan, M., & Khatony, A. (2019). Occupational stress and its related demographic factors among Iranian CCU nurses: A cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4674-5
García-González, M. A., Torrano, F., & García-González, G. (2020). Analysis of stress factors for female professors at online universities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082958
Getaneh Mekonen, E., Shetie Workneh, B., Seid Ali, M., Fentie Abegaz, B., Wassie Alamirew, M., & Aemro Terefe, A. (2022). Prevalence of work-related stress and its associated factors among bank workers in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 16(November 2021), 100386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100386
Giorgi, G., Montes, A. A., Rapisarda, V., Campagna, M., Garzaro, G., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2019). Work-related stress in the banking sector: A study on an italian aged population of over 2,000 workers. Medicina Del Lavoro, 110(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v110i6.7125
Hadiningrum, S. A., Psikologi, F., Diponegoro, U., & Kerja, S. (2012). Karyawan Bagian Marketing Di Pt New Ratna Motor “ Nasmoco Group .” 1–10.
Havermans, B. M., Brouwers, E. P. M., Hoek, R. J. A., Anema, J. R., Van Der Beek, A. J., & Boot, C. R. L. (2018). Work stress prevention needs of employees and supervisors. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5535-1
Health and Safety Executive. (2019). Health and Safety at Work Summary Statistics for Great Britain 2019. https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/overall/hssh1819.pdf
Health and Safety Executive. (2020). Health and safety at work Summary statistics for Great Britain 2020. Macbeth, 21–22. https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/overall/hssh1819.pdf
Hsieh, C. M., & Tsai, B. K. (2019). Effects of social support on the stress-health relationship: Gender comparison among military personnel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081317
ILO. (2012). Stress Prevention at Work Checkpoints. Practical improvements for stress prevention in the workplace. International Labour Organization.
Inoue, A., Kawakami, N., Eguchi, H., & Tsutsumi, A. (2018). Interaction effect of job insecurity and role ambiguity on psychological distress in Japanese employees: a cross-sectional study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 91(4), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1288-5
Kabito, G. G., Wami, S. D., Chercos, D. H., & Mekonnen, T. H. (2020). Work-related Stress and Associated Factors among Academic Staffs at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-based Cross-sectional Study. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 30(2), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v30i2.10
Kelly, M., Soles, R., Garcia, E., & Kundu, I. (2020). Job Stress, Burnout, Work-Life Balance, Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction among Pathology Residents and Fellows. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 153(4), 449–469. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa013
Lu, J., Chen, B., Chen, T., Guo, S., Xue, X., Chen, Q., Zhao, M., Xia, L., Zhu, Z., Zheng, L., & Yin, H. (2017). Comprehensive metabolomics identified lipid peroxidation as a prominent feature in human plasma of patients with coronary heart diseases. Redox Biology, 12(March), 899–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.032
Mahmood Alvi, S., Humayoun Khan, S., & Bano, S. (2021). Predictors of Occupational Stress in Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(3), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-5.3.4
Mekonen, E. G., Gebrie, M. H., & Jemberie, S. M. (2022). Work-related stress among nurses working in northwest Amhara Referral Hospitals; a burden for hospitals. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 17(October 2021), 100486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100486
Mohebi, S., Parham, M., Sharifirad, G., & Gharlipour, Z. (2018). Social Support and Self ? Care Behavior Study. January, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp
Muis, M., Wahyu, A., Mallapiang, F., Darwis, A. M., Thamrin, Y., & Rezkiah, N. (2021). The determinant of work stress on bank employees in Makassar, Indonesia. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S428–S431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.068
Murat, M., Köse, S., & Sava?er, S. (2021). Determination of stress, depression and burnout levels of front-line nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(2), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12818
Nappo, N. (2020). Job stress and interpersonal relationships cross country evidence from the EU15: A correlation analysis. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09253-9
NIOSH. (1998). Stress At Work.
Oshio, T., Inoue, A., & Tsutsumi, A. (2021). Role ambiguity as an amplifier of the association between job stressors and workers’ psychological ill-being: Evidence from an occupational survey in Japan. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12310
Ryu, S., Kim, Y. W., Kim, S., Liao, Q., Cowling, B. J., & Lee, C. S. (2019). Occupational stress among field epidemiologists in field epidemiology training programs from the public health sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183427
Stranks, J. (2005). Stress at Work , Management and Prevention. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Suridjan, I., Herrmann, N., Adibfar, A., Saleem, M., Andreazza, A., Oh, P. I., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2017). Lipid Peroxidation Markers in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Possible Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 58(3), 885–896. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-161248
TePoel, M., Rohlman, D., & Shaw, M. (2017). The impact of work demand and gender on occupational and psychosocial stress in Hispanic Farmworkers. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 23(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.11753
WHO. (2003). Work Organization and Stress. Protecting Workers’s Health Series (No. 3). World Health Organization.
