ADOLESCENT BARRIERS IN ACCESSING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35730/jk.v11i0.406Abstract
Background: Teenagers are those aged 10-19 years who are future leaders and are a human resource who does not receive enough attention. One-fifth of the world's population is a teenager who mostly lives in developing countries. Society considers adolescents to be healthier, but adolescents are more vulnerable and at higher risk of contracting diseases that cause death. In 2015 1.3 million people died in the world during adolescence which could have been prevented. This occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which make up two-thirds of Africa's 45 per cent. About 16 million adolescent girls aged 15-19 years and around 2.5 million girls under 16 give birth each year in developing countries. There are about 3 million young women who have unsafe abortions every year aged 15-19 years. Globally, about 2 million adolescents are infected with the human immune virus (HIV), and more than 41 per cent of adolescents become infected with new HIV each year.
Purpose: to assess barriers for adolescents to access reproductive health services in developing countries.
Method: Appraisal studies program using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) data sources obtained from PubMed with 2009 – 2019.
Results: inadequate space, no privacy, limited service hours, poor service attitude, lack of information, a distance of clinics, high transportation costs, clinics aimed at married couples. Lack of human resources, parental support, peer influence, religion and weak community traditions for adolescent health interventions also trigger adolescents not to access reproductive health clinics.
Conclusion: The obstacles for adolescents in accessing reproductive health services are the level of infrastructure, the individual level, the level of human resources and the community levelReferences
Abuosi Aaron Asibi, and Anaba Emmanuel Anongeba. 2019. ‘Barriers on Access to and Use of Adolescent Health Services in Ghana’. Journal of Health Research 33 (3): 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-10-2018-0119.
board. 2018. ‘Advocating for Adolescent and Young Adult Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Position Statement From the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine’. Journal of Adolescent Health 63 (5): 657–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.08.007.
Brody, Carinne D, Julie Freccero, Claire D Brindis, and Ben Bellows. 2013. ‘Redeeming Qualities: Exploring Factors That Affect Women’s Use of Reproductive Health Vouchers in Cambodia’. BMC International Health and Human Rights 13 (1): 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-13-13.
Dagnew, T, F Tessema, and D Hiko. 2015. ‘Health Service Utilization and Reported Satisfaction among Adolescents in Dejen District, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study’. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 25 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v25i1.4.
Fields, Errol L., Laura M. Bogart, Katherine C. Smith, David J. Malebranche, Jonathan Ellen, and Mark A. Schuster. 2012. ‘HIV Risk and Perceptions of Masculinity among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men’. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 50 (3): 296–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.07.007.
Fisher, Celia B., Adam L. Fried, Margaret Desmond, Kathryn Macapagal, and Brian Mustanski. 2018. ‘Perceived Barriers to HIV Prevention Services for Transgender Youth’. LGBT Health 5 (6): 350–58. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2017.0098.
Herrera, Carolina M., and Paul Boxer. 2019. ‘The Role of Gender in Risk for Substance Use among Justice-Involved Youth’. Children and Youth Services Review 100 (May): 485–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.023.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Pedoman Standar Nasional Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR). Jakarta.
Kennedy, Elissa C, Siula Bulu, Jennifer Harris, David Humphreys, Jayline Malverus, and Natalie J Gray. 2013. ‘“Be Kind to Young People so They Feel at Homeâ€: A Qualitative Study of Adolescents’ and Service Providers’ Perceptions of Youth-Friendly Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Vanuatu’. BMC Health Services Research 13 (1): 455. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-455.
Lim, Sylvia W., Rosy Chhabra, Ayelet Rosen, Andrew D. Racine, and Elizabeth M. Alderman. 2012. ‘Adolescents’ Views on Barriers to Health Care: A Pilot Study’. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 3 (2): 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150131911422533.
Löfving-Gupta, Sandra, Mimmie Willebrand, Roman Koposov, Marek Blatný, Michal HrdliÄka, Mary Schwab-Stone, and Vladislav Ruchkin. 2018. ‘Community Violence Exposure and Substance Use: Cross-Cultural and Gender Perspectives’. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 27 (4): 493–500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1097-5.
Mattebo, Magdalena, Malin Bogren, Nadja Brunner, Alma Dolk, Christina Pedersen, and Kerstin Erlandsson. 2019. ‘Perspectives on Adolescent Girls’ Health-Seeking Behaviour in Relation to Sexual and Reproductive Health in Nepal’. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 20 (June): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2019.01.006.
Mchome, Zaina, Esther Richards, Soori Nnko, John Dusabe, Elizabeth Mapella, and Angela Obasi. 2015. ‘A “Mystery Client†Evaluation of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Health Facilities from Two Regions in Tanzania’. Edited by Joseph Raymond Zunt. PLOS ONE 10 (3): e0120822. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120822.
Mueller, Trisha, Heather D. Tevendale, Taleria R. Fuller, L. Duane House, Lisa M. Romero, Anna Brittain, and Bala Varanasi. 2017. ‘Teen Pregnancy Prevention: Implementation of a Multicomponent, Community-Wide Approach’. Journal of Adolescent Health 60 (3): S9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.11.002.
Mwaniki, Michael K., Evaline J. Baya, Faith Mwangi-Powell, and Peter Sidebotham. 2016. ‘“Tweaking†the Model for Understanding and Preventing Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Low Income Countries: “Inserting New Ideas into a Timeless Wine Skinâ€â€™. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 16 (1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0803-5.
Nair, Manisha, Valentina Baltag, Krishna Bose, Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, Thierry Lambrechts, and Matthews Mathai. 2015. ‘Improving the Quality of Health Care Services for Adolescents, Globally: A Standards-Driven Approach’. Journal of Adolescent Health 57 (3): 288–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.011.
Neal, Sarah, Zoë Matthews, Melanie Frost, Helga Fogstad, Alma V. Camacho, and Laura Laski. 2012. ‘Childbearing in Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years in Low Resource Countries: A Neglected Issue. New Estimates from Demographic and Household Surveys in 42 Countries: Childbearing in Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years’. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 91 (9): 1114–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01467.x.
Pandey, Pushpa Lata, Holly Seale, and Husna Razee. 2019. ‘Exploring the Factors Impacting on Access and Acceptance of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Provided by Adolescent-Friendly Health Services in Nepal’. Edited by Stefano Federici. PLOS ONE 14 (8): e0220855. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220855.
Raidoo, Shandhini, and Bliss Kaneshiro. 2017. ‘Contraception Counseling for Adolescents’: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 29 (5): 310–15. https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0000000000000390.
Turner, Katherine L., Erin Pearson, Allison George, and Kathryn L. Andersen. 2018. ‘Values Clarification Workshops to Improve Abortion Knowledge, Attitudes and Intentions: A Pre-Post Assessment in 12 Countries’. Reproductive Health 15 (1): 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0480-0.
Yanti, Novi. 2014. ‘Analisis Pelaksanaan Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja’. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 2 (4): 3.
