Pengaruh Paparan Pestisida Selama Kehamilan dengan Terjadinya Gangguan Penyerapan Nutrisi sebagai Faktor Prediktor Terjadinya Stunting pada Anak: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35730/jk.v14i0.1042Abstract
Stunting merupakan kondisi gangguan pertumbuhan linier dan lebih sering dikaitkan dengan adanya malnutrisi asupan zat gizi kronis. Anak yang lahir dan besar di daerah pertanian berpotensi terpapar pestisida sejak dalam kandungan. Hal ini membuat mereka berisiko terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan termasuk stunting. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjelaskan tentang pengaruh paparan pestisida selama kehamilan dengan terjadinya gangguan penyerapan nutrisi sebagai faktor prediktor terjadinya stunting pada anak. Item pelaporan pilihan untuk tinjauan sistematis digunakan dalam tinjauan pustaka sistematis (PRISMA) penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan Paparan pestisida selama kehamilan dapat memiliki dampak serius pada perkembangan janin, Stunting akibat paparan pestisida dapat terjadi melalui beberapa mekanisme, seperti terganggunya sistem hormon yang berperan dalam proses pertumbuhan. Gangguan proses pertumbuhan dikarenakan terjadinya gangguan penyerapan nutrisi yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri patogen dan mikotoksin atau paparan zat beracun di lingkungan (pestisida) yang menyebabkan kondisi yang disebut "disfungsi enterik lingkungan" (EED), yang merupakan sub-gangguan klinis yang ditandai dengan kelainan morfologi dan fisiologis pada usus halus berupa peningkatan permeabilitas gangguan penyerapan nutrisi dan growth faltering. Paparan pestisida selama kehamilan dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan pertumbuhan pada anak-anak yang tinggal di daerah pertanian. Diperlukan tindakan preventif yang tepat terhadap ibu hamil yang tinggal diarea pertanian seperti dengan mengurangi atau membatasi keterlibatan ibu hamil dalam kegiatan pertanian agar tidak terkena efek negatif akibat paparan pestisida.
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