DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PSIKOLOGI IBU HAMIL
Abstract
Latar Belakang Masalah: Coronavirus-19 adalah penyakit pernapasan akut yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Penyebaran yang begitu cepat menyebabkan pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan untuk penguncian wilayah dan isolasi mandiri. Hal tersebut telah menyebabkan gangguan psikologis yang signifikan di masyarakat terutama ibu hamil
Tujuan: Scoping review yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahu dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap psikologis ibu hamil dengan menggunakan PRISMA-ScR
Metode: Pencarian artikel dimulai Oktober 2021- Desember 2021 dengan kriteria inklusi original artikel, terbit diatas tahun 2019 diterbitkan menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, artikel yang membahas tentang kesehatan psikologis ibu hamil selama masa pandemi COVID-19, artikel free full text dan open access. Kriteria eksklusi diantaranya, artikel review, artike opini, dokumen/ pedoman organisasi. Database yang digunakan adalah PubMed, EBSCO dan Science Direct dengan total artikel yang di review 17 artikel. Kelayakan artikel dinilai menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute tools (JBI), dan Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP).
Hasil: Ditemukan pravelensi depresi pada ibu hamil berkisar antara 5,3% hingga 48,2%; kecemasan 6,8% sampai 57%, stres 69,39% dan 89,1%; insomnia 2,6%; PTSD 0,9%. Faktor risiko depresi, kecemasan dan stres pada ibu hamil selama pandemi di antaranya kekhawatiran terkait COVID-19 terhadap kehidupan sendiri (kehilangan nyawa, membahayakan bayi, merasa tidak mendapatkan perawatan yang dibutuhkan) dan stresor (kehilangan pekerjaan, perubahan hubungan dengan pasangan, perasaan terisolasi) serta tidak dapat mengakses layanan kesehatan. Selain itu, ibu hamil yang terinfeksi COVID-19 mengalami peningkatan gejala kecemasan sebesar 13,6% dibandingkan ibu yang tidak terinfeksi COVID-19. Faktor lain seperti kehamilan trimester III, ibu hamil nulipara, primipara, ibu hamil yang memiliki BMI di atas normal dan memiliki hubungan yang tidak baik dengan pasangan memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami kecemasan. Faktor protektif diantaranya sering melakukan aktifitas fisik, keadaan ekonomi yang baik, tingkat kesejahteraan yang memadai pendidikan dan dukungan sosial yang memadai.
Simpulan: Kesimpulan dari studi ini lebih dari separuh ibu hamil mengalami masalah psikologis selama pandemi COVID-19. Masalah psikologis yang paling banyak dialami ibu hamil yaitu stres kecemasan dan depresi. Dukungan tenaga kesehatan dan orang sekitar terutama pasangan sangat dibutuhkan bagi ibu hamil untuk mengurangi dampak psikologis akibat pandemi.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35730/jk.v13i2.710
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